Clay County, SD
FEMA National Risk Index scores, disaster declarations & hazard data
Clay County has experienced 19 federally declared disasters since 1969, most recently Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, And Flooding in 2024. Its overall natural hazard risk is rated Very Low — among the lowest-risk counties in the country.
Clay County's highest-rated hazards are drought, winter weather, and hail, with its top risk rated "Relatively Moderate" by FEMA's National Risk Index. NOAA records 78 storm events in the county over the past decade.
Past disasters & FEMA designations
A federal disaster declaration officially designates a county for FEMA disaster assistance. Clay County has been designated in 19 declarations since 1969, covering 5 disaster types including flood (9), severe storm (6), biological (2).
| Year | Type | Event name |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Flood | Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, And Flooding |
| 2022 | Severe Storm | Severe Storm, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, And Flooding |
| 2020 | Biological | Covid-19 Pandemic |
| 2020 | Biological | Covid-19 |
| 2019 | Flood | Severe Winter Storm, Snowstorm, And Flooding |
| 2014 | Flood | Severe Storms, Tornadoes, And Flooding |
| 2011 | Flood | Flooding |
| 2010 | Severe Storm | Severe Winter Storm And Snowstorm |
| 2010 | Severe Storm | Severe Storms And Flooding |
| 2010 | Flood | Flooding |
Showing the 10 most recent of 19 total declarations since 1969.
Source: FEMA OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries. A single disaster can produce more than one record per county. Data current through September 2026.
Risk by hazard type
| Hazard | Risk rating | Risk score | Recorded events | Deaths | Prop. damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wildfire | Very Low | 41.7 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Inland Flooding | Very Low | 28.7 | 28 | 0 | $7.0M |
| Coastal Flooding | Not Applicable | — | 0 | 0 | — |
| Earthquake | Very Low | 13.3 | 1 | — | — |
| Heat Wave | Very Low | 30.1 | 21 | 0 | — |
| Tornado | Relatively Low | 60.2 | 1 | 0 | — |
| Hurricane | Not Applicable | — | 0 | 0 | — |
| Hail | Relatively Low | 65.1 | 28 | 0 | — |
| Strong Wind | Relatively Low | 31.9 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Winter Weather | Relatively Moderate | 72 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Ice Storm | Relatively Moderate | 61.9 | — | — | — |
| Cold Wave | Very Low | 22.9 | — | — | — |
| Lightning | Relatively Low | 35.8 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Drought | Relatively Moderate | 72.6 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Landslide | Very Low | 32 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Avalanche | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Tsunami | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Volcanic Activity | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
Scores are 0–100 percentiles relative to all US counties — higher means more exposed, not that a disaster is likely this year. Event counts: NOAA Storm Events 2016–2026; earthquake counts from USGS ComCat (M3.0+, 1996–2026). See the methodology page for details.
Community vulnerability
Clay County ranks in the 64th percentile (Moderate) for community vulnerability — a measure of how hard disaster impacts tend to hit residents. Higher vulnerability means more displacement, worse health outcomes, and slower recovery after a disaster.
| SVI theme | Percentile | Vulnerability level |
|---|---|---|
| Overall | 64th | Moderate |
| Socioeconomic status | 69th | Moderate |
| Household characteristics | 2nd | Very low |
| Racial & ethnic minority status | 40th | Low |
| Housing type & transportation | 100th | High |
Source: CDC/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index 2022. Percentiles compare counties nationally — higher means more vulnerable relative to other counties. See CDC SVI for full methodology.
Future risk outlook
| Wildfire metric | National percentile | Level |
|---|---|---|
| Burn probability | 33rd | Relatively Low |
| Risk to homes | 35th | Relatively Low |
| Buildings in direct exposure zone | 46.0% | — |
NOAA tracked 78 weather events in this county over 2016–2025: 42 in 2016–20 vs 36 in 2021–25 (-14% — frequency decreasing).
Wildfire: USDA Forest Service Wildfire Risk to Communities (RDS-2020-0016-2) — modeled values, not annual forecasts. See wildfirerisk.org. Inland flood and heat projections pending data availability; coastal sea-level projections are available for select coastal counties below — see the data page.
Nearby counties
Frequently asked questions
What natural hazards pose the greatest risk in Clay County?
According to the FEMA National Risk Index, the highest-risk hazards in Clay County, South Dakota are drought, winter weather, and hail. The county's overall natural hazard risk is rated Very Low — among the lowest-risk counties in the country.
Has Clay County received federal disaster declarations?
Yes. Clay County has received 19 federal disaster declarations since 1969, including declarations in 2024. The most common disaster type on record is flood (9 declarations).
Has Clay County had any FEMA disaster declarations in 2024, 2025, or 2026?
Yes. Recent federal disaster declarations for Clay County include Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, And Flooding (2024). See the declarations table above for the full history since 1969.
How does Clay County's natural hazard risk compare to nearby counties?
Among neighboring counties, Yankton County, SD has the highest overall natural hazard risk (Relatively Low) and Dixon County, NE has the lowest (Very Low). Clay County is rated Very Low overall.
How is Clay County's composite disaster risk index calculated?
Clay County's composite disaster risk index — officially FEMA's National Risk Index (NRI) — scores every US county on a 0–100 percentile scale across 18 natural hazard types, factoring in expected annual loss, social vulnerability, and community resilience. Clay County's composite score of 21 means its overall natural hazard risk is higher than 21% of US counties.