Madison County, IL
FEMA National Risk Index scores, disaster declarations & hazard data
Madison County has experienced 16 federally declared disasters since 1969, most recently Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, And Tornadoes in 2022. Its overall natural hazard risk is rated Relatively Moderate — near the middle compared to other US counties.
Madison County's highest-rated hazards are heat wave, tornado, and hail, with its top risk rated "Relatively High" by FEMA's National Risk Index. Recorded storm events have increased 23% over the past five years compared to the prior five-year period. Community vulnerability is relatively low (26th percentile nationally), indicating stronger recovery capacity than most US counties.
Past disasters & FEMA designations
A federal disaster declaration officially designates a county for FEMA disaster assistance. Madison County has been designated in 16 declarations since 1969, covering 6 disaster types including flood (5), severe storm (5), biological (2).
| Year | Type | Event name |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | Tornado | Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, And Tornadoes |
| 2020 | Biological | Covid-19 Pandemic |
| 2020 | Biological | Covid-19 |
| 2019 | Flood | Severe Storms And Flooding |
| 2008 | Severe Storm | Severe Storms And Flooding |
| 2007 | Severe Ice Storm | Severe Winter Storm |
| 2005 | Hurricane | Hurricane Katrina Evacuation |
| 2002 | Tornado | Severe Storms, Tornadoes And Flooding |
| 1996 | Severe Storm | Severe Storms And Flooding |
| 1995 | Severe Storm | Severe Storms And Flooding |
Showing the 10 most recent of 16 total declarations since 1969.
Source: FEMA OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries. A single disaster can produce more than one record per county. Data current through September 2026.
Risk by hazard type
| Hazard | Risk rating | Risk score | Recorded events | Deaths | Prop. damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wildfire | Very Low | 14.8 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Inland Flooding | Relatively Moderate | 92.3 | 5 | 0 | $24.8M |
| Coastal Flooding | Not Applicable | — | 0 | 0 | — |
| Earthquake | Relatively Moderate | 97.1 | — | — | — |
| Heat Wave | Relatively High | 98 | 14 | 0 | — |
| Tornado | Relatively High | 97.6 | 12 | 6 | $5.1M |
| Hurricane | Very Low | 32.7 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Hail | Relatively High | 97.2 | 61 | 0 | — |
| Strong Wind | Relatively Moderate | 60.8 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Winter Weather | Relatively High | 90.8 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Ice Storm | Relatively Moderate | 75.1 | — | — | — |
| Cold Wave | Relatively High | 95.8 | — | — | — |
| Lightning | Relatively High | 93.2 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Drought | Relatively Low | 63.2 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Landslide | Relatively Low | 85.6 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Avalanche | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Tsunami | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Volcanic Activity | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
Scores are 0–100 percentiles relative to all US counties — higher means more exposed, not that a disaster is likely this year. Event counts: NOAA Storm Events 2016–2026; earthquake counts from USGS ComCat (M3.0+, 1996–2026). See the methodology page for details.
Community vulnerability
Madison County ranks in the 26th percentile (Low) for community vulnerability — a measure of how hard disaster impacts tend to hit residents. Higher vulnerability means more displacement, worse health outcomes, and slower recovery after a disaster.
| SVI theme | Percentile | Vulnerability level |
|---|---|---|
| Overall | 26th | Low |
| Socioeconomic status | 27th | Low |
| Household characteristics | 32nd | Low |
| Racial & ethnic minority status | 47th | Low |
| Housing type & transportation | 26th | Low |
Source: CDC/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index 2022. Percentiles compare counties nationally — higher means more vulnerable relative to other counties. See CDC SVI for full methodology.
Future risk outlook
| Wildfire metric | National percentile | Level |
|---|---|---|
| Burn probability | 7th | Very Low |
| Risk to homes | 7th | Very Low |
| Buildings in direct exposure zone | 21.4% | — |
NOAA tracked 89 weather events in this county over 2016–2025: 40 in 2016–20 vs 49 in 2021–25 (+23% — frequency increasing).
Wildfire: USDA Forest Service Wildfire Risk to Communities (RDS-2020-0016-2) — modeled values, not annual forecasts. See wildfirerisk.org. Inland flood and heat projections pending data availability; coastal sea-level projections are available for select coastal counties below — see the data page.
Nearby counties
Frequently asked questions
What natural hazards pose the greatest risk in Madison County?
According to the FEMA National Risk Index, the highest-risk hazards in Madison County, Illinois are heat wave, tornado, and hail. The county's overall natural hazard risk is rated Relatively Moderate — near the middle compared to other US counties.
Has Madison County received federal disaster declarations?
Yes. Madison County has received 16 federal disaster declarations since 1969, including declarations in 2022. The most common disaster type on record is flood (5 declarations).
Has Madison County had any FEMA disaster declarations in 2024, 2025, or 2026?
No federal disaster declarations have been recorded for Madison County since the start of 2024. Its most recent declaration on record is Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, And Tornadoes in 2022.
How does Madison County's natural hazard risk compare to nearby counties?
Among neighboring counties, St. Louis, MO has the highest overall natural hazard risk (Relatively High) and Jersey County, IL has the lowest (Very Low). Madison County is rated Relatively Moderate overall.
How is Madison County's composite disaster risk index calculated?
Madison County's composite disaster risk index — officially FEMA's National Risk Index (NRI) — scores every US county on a 0–100 percentile scale across 18 natural hazard types, factoring in expected annual loss, social vulnerability, and community resilience. Madison County's composite score of 93 means its overall natural hazard risk is higher than 93% of US counties.