Effingham County, GA
FEMA National Risk Index scores, disaster declarations & hazard data
Effingham County has experienced 17 federally declared disasters since 1977, most recently Hurricane Debby in 2024. Its overall natural hazard risk is rated Relatively Low — lower risk than most US counties.
Effingham County's highest-rated hazards are hurricane, heat wave, and earthquake, with its top risk rated "Relatively Moderate" by FEMA's National Risk Index. Recorded storm events have increased 17% over the past five years compared to the prior five-year period. Community vulnerability is relatively low (29th percentile nationally), indicating stronger recovery capacity than most US counties.
Past disasters & FEMA designations
A federal disaster declaration officially designates a county for FEMA disaster assistance. Effingham County has been designated in 17 declarations since 1977, covering 6 disaster types including hurricane (8), tropical storm (3), biological (2).
| Year | Type | Event name |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Tropical Storm | Tropical Storm Debby |
| 2024 | Hurricane | Hurricane Helene |
| 2024 | Tropical Storm | Hurricane Helene |
| 2024 | Tropical Storm | Hurricane Debby |
| 2020 | Biological | Covid-19 Pandemic |
| 2020 | Biological | Covid-19 |
| 2019 | Hurricane | Hurricane Michael |
| 2019 | Hurricane | Hurricane Dorian |
| 2017 | Hurricane | Hurricane Matthew |
| 2017 | Hurricane | Hurricane Matthew |
Showing the 10 most recent of 17 total declarations since 1977.
Source: FEMA OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries. A single disaster can produce more than one record per county. Data current through September 2026.
Risk by hazard type
| Hazard | Risk rating | Risk score | Recorded events | Deaths | Prop. damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wildfire | Relatively Low | 72.3 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Inland Flooding | Relatively Low | 51.8 | 5 | 0 | $100K |
| Coastal Flooding | Very Low | 24.8 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Earthquake | Relatively Low | 74.2 | — | — | — |
| Heat Wave | Relatively Low | 76.6 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Tornado | Relatively Low | 46.9 | 4 | 0 | — |
| Hurricane | Relatively Moderate | 90.7 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Hail | Relatively Low | 34.1 | 26 | 0 | — |
| Strong Wind | Relatively Low | 20.9 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Winter Weather | Very Low | 23.9 | 1 | 0 | — |
| Ice Storm | Relatively Low | 38.3 | — | — | — |
| Cold Wave | Relatively Low | 39.8 | — | — | — |
| Lightning | Relatively Low | 50.9 | 14 | 0 | $123K |
| Drought | Relatively Low | 45.4 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Landslide | Very Low | 15.7 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Avalanche | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Tsunami | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
| Volcanic Activity | Not Applicable | — | — | — | — |
Scores are 0–100 percentiles relative to all US counties — higher means more exposed, not that a disaster is likely this year. Event counts: NOAA Storm Events 2016–2026; earthquake counts from USGS ComCat (M3.0+, 1996–2026). See the methodology page for details.
Community vulnerability
Effingham County ranks in the 29th percentile (Low) for community vulnerability — a measure of how hard disaster impacts tend to hit residents. Higher vulnerability means more displacement, worse health outcomes, and slower recovery after a disaster.
| SVI theme | Percentile | Vulnerability level |
|---|---|---|
| Overall | 29th | Low |
| Socioeconomic status | 37th | Low |
| Household characteristics | 27th | Low |
| Racial & ethnic minority status | 60th | Moderate |
| Housing type & transportation | 19th | Very low |
Source: CDC/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index 2022. Percentiles compare counties nationally — higher means more vulnerable relative to other counties. See CDC SVI for full methodology.
Future risk outlook
| Wildfire metric | National percentile | Level |
|---|---|---|
| Burn probability | 55th | Relatively Moderate |
| Risk to homes | 53rd | Relatively Moderate |
| Buildings in direct exposure zone | 79.5% | — |
NOAA tracked 50 weather events in this county over 2016–2025: 23 in 2016–20 vs 27 in 2021–25 (+17% — frequency increasing).
Wildfire: USDA Forest Service Wildfire Risk to Communities (RDS-2020-0016-2) — modeled values, not annual forecasts. See wildfirerisk.org. Inland flood and heat projections pending data availability; coastal sea-level projections are available for select coastal counties below — see the data page.
Nearby counties
Frequently asked questions
What natural hazards pose the greatest risk in Effingham County?
According to the FEMA National Risk Index, the highest-risk hazards in Effingham County, Georgia are hurricane, heat wave, and earthquake. The county's overall natural hazard risk is rated Relatively Low — lower risk than most US counties.
Has Effingham County received federal disaster declarations?
Yes. Effingham County has received 17 federal disaster declarations since 1977, including declarations in 2024. The most common disaster type on record is hurricane (8 declarations).
Has Effingham County had any FEMA disaster declarations in 2024, 2025, or 2026?
Yes. Recent federal disaster declarations for Effingham County include Tropical Storm Debby (2024), Hurricane Helene (2024), Hurricane Helene (2024), Hurricane Debby (2024). See the declarations table above for the full history since 1977.
How does Effingham County's natural hazard risk compare to nearby counties?
Among neighboring counties, Chatham County, GA has the highest overall natural hazard risk (Relatively High) and Screven County, GA has the lowest (Relatively Low). Effingham County is rated Relatively Low overall.
How is Effingham County's composite disaster risk index calculated?
Effingham County's composite disaster risk index — officially FEMA's National Risk Index (NRI) — scores every US county on a 0–100 percentile scale across 18 natural hazard types, factoring in expected annual loss, social vulnerability, and community resilience. Effingham County's composite score of 59 means its overall natural hazard risk is higher than 59% of US counties.